FL6000 Double-Modulation Fluorometer measures chlorophyll α fluorescence

-  SuperHead measuring unit –measurements performed in standard cuvette for sample suspensions of algae or cyanobacteria
-  Unifed control unit for all FL 6000 versions, compatible with different measuring units.
-  Light intensities and timings are software controlled separately for each LED set with 100 ns resolution

    Four sets of LEDs:
    - measuring light 1 – red
    - measuring light 2 – blue
    - actinic light – red
    - single-turnover flash – red

-  PIN photodiode detector with 40× variable gain for signal acquisition with 1MHz/16-bit maximal accuracy
-  Pulse Amplitude Modulation measurements

Double-Modulation Fluorometer FL 6000 measures chlorophyll α (Chlα)- -fluorescence. Measured fluorescence emission is excited by a set of light- -emitting diodes that generate measuring flashes of few microseconds in duration and low intensity; the photochemistry is driven by single-turnover flashes or by continuous actinic irradiance. Chlorophyll fluorescence is detected by a PIN photodiode and digitized by a 16-bit A/D converter. The instrument supports Pulse Amplitude Modulation measurements and, at the same time, can capture fast OJIP transients or perform rapid measurements of QA- reoxidation kinetics, S-states.

The fast version of FL 6000-F allows measuring Flash Fluorescence Induction (FFI) experiments which leads to a calculation of the effective antenna size, antenna connectivity and rapid lights curves. The major feature of this fluorometer is the capacity of the instrument to generate rectangular actinic flashes of extremely high power also with 620 nm excitation light source. This feature is helpful for cyanobacteria measurements. Full reduction of QA acceptor can be achieved within 25 µs and the instrument can measure fluorescence induction during such a single-turnover saturating flash. This technique is used to determine the effective antenna size of the Photosystem II as well as its heterogeneity and connectivity without disturbing the measured system by DCMU or other herbicides.

Applications:
-    Probing physiology of photoautotrophs suspensions
-    Measurement of efficiency of PSII photochemistry
-    Estimation of aquatic primary productivity
-    Exploring photosynthetic performance and metabolic perturbations in phytoplankton
-    Molecular biology – screening for photosynthetic mutants • Detection of abiotic and biotic stress and stress tolerance
-    Taxonomical studies
-    Aquatic bloom detection

Software:
-    Creation and archivation of experimental protocols
-    FluorWin Wizard for automated protocols
-    Retrieval and export of experimental data
-    Data manipulation and visualization
-    Windows 7, or higher compatible

FLUOROMETER FL 6000-S

    - Time resolution up to 4 µs
    - Detection limit 100 ng Chl-a/l
    - Supported fluorescence protocols:
    - Instantaneous fluorescence
    - QA- reoxidation kinetics
    - Kautsky effect
    - Quenching parameters analysis
    - Fast OJIP transient
    - S-states

FLUOROMETER FL 6000-F

  -  Time resolution up to 1 µs
  -  Detection limit 1 µg Chl-a/l
  -  Supported all standard protocols
  -  Special fluorescence protocol:
  -  Flash Fluorescence Induction (FFI)

• FluorWin Software 3.7.(exe)

OS: Win2000/XP/Win7 (32bit)/Win8 (32 bit)

• FluorWin Software 3.7.(exe)(for FM 3500/F)

OS: Win2000/XP/Win7 (32bit)/Win8 (32 bit)/Win10 (64) compatible

• FluorWin Software 3.7.(exe)(for FM 3500/S)

OS: Win2000/XP/Win7 (32bit)/Win8 (32 bit)/Win10 (64) compatible

Thermoregulator TR 6000
 -   Precise temperature control of liquid samples
 -   Temperature range from 5 °C to +60 °C
 -   Accuracy of 0.1 °C
 -   Mode of regulation: constant and temperature ramp
 -   Fully controlled and powered from the Fluorometer control unit
 -   Magnetic stirrer is highly recommended for proper function of TR 6000
 -   Only version TR 6000 is suitable for Fluorormeter FL 6000. Previous version (TR 2000) is not compatible with FL 6000 and causes irreversible damage of the device.


Oxygen detector module
 -   Consists of signal convertor and oxygen electrode (sold separately)
 -   Oxygen evolution and chlorophyll fluorescence measurement at the same time
 -   Specially designed modifiable Light curve protocol
 -   Magnetic stirrer is highly recommended for proper function of Oxygen detector module


Magnetic stirrer
 -   Prevents sample sedimentation
 -   Ensures sample homogenity
 -   Stirring intensity is set manually
 -   Controlled via the software – continuous or discontinuous stirring regime
  -  Highly recommended when using Thermoregulator or Oxygen detector module
  -  Stirrer activity can cause noise in fluorescence data


Infra-Red LED Unit
 -   Additional external light source
 -   Peak wavelength 730 nm
 -   Allows measuring F0' and PAR absorbance


PC with Preinstalled Control Software
 -   Notebook PC with preinstalled software for fluorometer control.


Additional measuring unit
 -   Can be constructed with respect to customer's experimental needs: specific LED colors, which cannot be added to the first measuring unit (Blue, Cyan, Amber) and detection bands (ChlA, ChlB).